An IUD is a plastic, T-shaped device that’s inserted into your uterus. The IUD kills sperm in one of two ways:

The IUD is wrapped in copper, which is toxic to sperm and prompts your uterus and fallopian tubes to produce a substance that kills sperm. A copper IUD lasts up to 10 years.

A hormonal IUD releases levonorgestrel, which makes the mucus on your cervix thick and sticky, preventing sperm from passing through to your uterus. This type of IUD lasts three to five years.

An IUD offers many advantages over other forms of birth control, such as:

• No effort is required, such as taking a daily pill or receiving injections
• The method is reversible by simply removing the device
• Only one in 100 women have reported getting pregnant using an IUD
• It does not cause weight gain

The hormonal IUD has also been effective in reducing menstrual bleeding and cramps, as well as problems associated with endometriosis.

It’s important to note that an IUD no matter how many sexual partners you have, it’s still a good idea to use condoms. Not only is there no such thing as a foolproof birth control method, but IUDs don’t protect against sexually transmitted diseases.

As with any birth control method, there are side effects and risks. When it comes to IUDs, the following risks or side effects have been reported:

• Menstrual problems: The copper IUD has increased menstrual bleeding and cramps in some women, while the hormonal IUD has reduced menstrual bleeding in most women.
• Perforation: While uncommon, an IUD can get stuck and perforate your uterus, which usually occurs during insertion.
• Expulsion: This is also rare, but some women’s bodies push the IUDs out of the uterus during the first year.

Also, you should not consider an IUD if you have a pelvic infection, or have a history of reactions to copper. Your OB/GYN at the Association for Women’s Healthcare will make sure you’re a good candidate for an IUD before inserting one.